Factores que limitan la planificación de voluntades anticipadas desde la perspectiva de los profesionales de la salud
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https://doi.org/10.55867/qual26.02Palabras clave:
Planificación anticipada de la atención, profesionales de la salud, testamento vital, voluntades anticipadasResumen
La planificación de voluntades anticipadas permite a las personas expresar sus valores, objetivos de vida y preferencias con respecto a la atención médica futura; sin embargo, existe limitado uso entre los pacientes. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los factores que limitan la planificación de voluntades anticipadas desde la perspectiva de los profesionales de la salud, a través de una revisión bibliográfica narrativa. La búsqueda se realizó en 5 bases de datos: PubMed, ScienceDirect, LILACS, SciELO y Cochrane Library. Los resultados indican que las principales barreras en la planificación de voluntades anticipadas son el desconocimiento de los profesionales sobre el tema, tiempo limitado para su discusión, aspectos culturales como el paternalismo de pacientes y del equipo de salud, entre otros. Este estudio concluye que existen diversos factores que afectan la planificación de voluntades anticipadas, englobados en tres ejes fundamentales: profesionales de la salud, sistema sanitario, pacientes y familiares. Además, un sistema limitante para la planificación de directrices anticipadas se caracteriza principalmente por: falta de tiempo, burocracia excesiva, ausencia de una base de datos unificada, ausencia de estrategias educativas, informativas, de comunicación y falta de coordinación entre los niveles asistenciales.
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