Políticas públicas de educación dual en institutos tecnológicos de gastronomía y turismo en Ecuador (2018–2025)

Ramiro Santiago Pérez

doi:10.55867/qual32.07

Authors

Ramiro Santiago Pérez Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, Sede Quito / Universidad Iberoamericana del Ecuador - UNIB.E https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3587-9572

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55867/qual32.07

Keywords:

dual education, public policy, gastronomy, tourism, technological institutes, Ecuador

Abstract

In Ecuador, the gastronomy and tourism sector generated over US$1.8 billion in foreign exchange in 2023 and employed more than 400,000 people (MINTUR, 2023). Furthermore, Ecuadorian cuisine is recognized as an intangible cultural heritage of the region (UNESCO, 2010). Despite this economic and cultural significance, available data indicate that the dual education policy designed to train professionals in the sector (formally recognized since the 2018 reform of the Organic Law of Higher Education) exhibits persistent gaps between its regulatory design and its effective implementation. This article aims to identify the conditions that favor or restrict this implementation in technological institutes within the sector during 2018–2025 in Ecuador. To this end, a systematic document review was conducted using the PRISMA 2020 protocol and reflective thematic analysis (Braun and Clarke, 2006; 2019) on a corpus of 38 sources from indexed databases, official regulations, and specialized repositories. The results reveal five factors that (in their interaction) constitute a scenario of low collaboration: absence of intermediary bodies with sectoral mandates; lack of coordination between the Organic Law on Higher Education (LOES), the Higher Education Council (CES), and the Ministry of Tourism (MINTUR); limited business participation due to the fragmentation of the productive sector and the seasonality of tourism; a skills gap between educational institutions; and a lack of teacher training in the pedagogy of alternating work and study. It is concluded that these gaps stem from deficiencies in the institutional architecture, and five recommendations are proposed: tripartite sectoral councils, flexible work and study programs, differentiated incentives for microenterprises, a mentoring program, and inter-ministerial harmonization.

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